Motion sensors to turn on the light outdoor and indoor help to rationally use resources (energy saving 50-80%), detecting the presence or movement of objects on the site. Modern technologies bring convenience to our lives, increase the comfort of our existence. Motion sensors automatically turn on lights when a person enters the control zone. When an object moves, the light comes on automatically. This device is extremely convenient when you need to turn on the light, but at the moment the hands are busy with something. And if there is no movement for some time (which is set individually), the lamp goes out. Street motion sensor for lighting how to set up? How is the motion sensor connected? Where can I use motion sensors to turn on the light?
Yes, anywhere. And more specifically, where the person is not for long, that is, in the corridors, on the stairs, pantries, at the entrance, at the gate of a private house.
The motion sensor is a special device that belongs to the category of devices for detection. Using sensors, he captures a moving object that falls into its coverage area, transmits the received signal to the lamp.
When purchasing a sensor to turn on the light, it is necessary to take into account its parameters, features:
- Place of installation: devices for switching on the light can be installed outdoors, in enclosed spaces, under awnings. They are mounted and built-in, you also need to take into account the specifics of mounting, the level of protection of the device.
- Features of the sensor installation depend on its power. A type of device affects the conditions for its installation.
- It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the operation zone, since only visible areas for monitoring are available to signaling devices. The response radius is reduced even due to pendant chandeliers or cornices.
- Glass is an obstacle to infrared rays.
- Attention should be paid to the availability of the function for setting the exact time for switching the light on or off. This aspect will be important if the premises are large in size, where there is not one sensor, but several devices.
- It is important to consider the viewing angles of the device, the perception radius of these devices varies from 180 to 360 degrees. Sensors with a perception of 180 degrees are often installed on walls; they are triggered when an object enters or exits a room. Ceiling mounted motion sensors are installed only with a full viewing angle.
- It is necessary to take into account the interaction of the ranges of active and passive sections - this is true for an office room or a rest room.
- There are categories of devices that have the function of tuning for human breathing.
Motion sensors: types and classification
Light sensors are divided into two types: according to the class of signaling device and the place where the installation will be made. Devices are divided into outdoor (used for the street) and indoor (for rooms).
The functions of street appliances to turn on the light work on the principle of calculating the distance from the device to the object. Perimeter sensors are designed for a specific part of the territory. Their use is relevant for large private estates, extensive house areas. For most devices, the response range is quite wide: from 100 to 500 meters. It should also be borne in mind that certain types of specialized devices must correspond to a specific spotlight. You can install a room sensor with your own hands in any room of the house, its main difference from a street analog is intolerance to temperature extremes.
These devices are divided into:
- Ultrasonic - their work is based on the reflection of ultrasound from objects surrounding it. This is the most affordable, uncomplicated, durable sensor category;
- Microwave - work on the principle of a locator. The radar is tuned to a specific range of signals. He picks them up and sends them to the signaling device. After the signal is caught, the light automatically turns on. Among experts, this principle of action is considered more practical than that of ultrasonic sensors. However, the cost of such devices is higher;
- Infrared - their principle of operation is similar to the reaction of an ultra-sensitive thermometer. Such sensors react to the temperature of an object falling into their area of action (for example, 36.6 ° C). It should be borne in mind that these devices are dependent on changes in ambient temperature, therefore it is not recommended to install them in the kitchen area or entrance doors. These devices are optimally suited for residential premises, the temperature response range can be adjusted so that they do not work from moving pets.
How to connect a motion sensor
To connect these devices do not require any special skills, it is enough to understand the principle of connecting wiring and a signaling device. For a more attractive aesthetic perception, the entire system is hidden in a special distribution housing. Each device is accompanied by the appropriate installation instructions, as well as the connection diagram of the motion sensor for lighting.
The principle of operation is somewhat reminiscent of the process of connecting the contacts in a conventional switch, since the current parameters are identical. Here and there, the relay acts as the actuator.
It is widespread practice when a switch with a motion sensor is used, this is especially true for residents of private houses. When approaching the gate in the dark above the entrance, the lamp turns on, and the sensor is configured so that a person can easily overcome the distance from the gate to the house.
In cases where it is necessary for the lamp to work even when there is no movement in the room, a switch connected in parallel with the sensor is added to the circuit. Thus, when the switch is turned on, the light source will be connected to another circuit, bypassing the sensor. At the same time, the appliance will still control the lighting even when the switch is turned off.
In some cases, when the area of the room is large, one sensor is not enough, a light source connection scheme with two devices is used. In order to avoid interphase short circuit, it is necessary to understand that both signaling devices are connected from one phase.
Owners of private houses with a large local area often combine the connection of sensors and several powerful spotlights. Since the sensor power is approximately 500-700 W, a magnetic starter is used in such cases.
How to set up a motion sensor to turn on the light yourself
Potentiometers are responsible for tuning the sensors. They fall into three categories:
- time intervals;
- sensitivity level;
- illumination.
Setting time slots is the easiest. It is only necessary to set the required time period. Depending on the model of the device, this value varies from 5 seconds to 10 minutes.
The higher the sensitivity level, the better the device responds to movement. If the sensor is triggered too often, then the sensitivity threshold should be reduced. This factor also applies to spontaneous inclusion. When adjusting the sensitivity level, you also need to take into account the time of year, for example, in the summer, the devices operate in standard mode, and in winter, failures are frequent. This situation is due to the response of the devices to the heat produced by heating devices.
The light factor is important: the sensor must function correctly when it is light. Thus, when the object is moving, the device should automatically determine the level of illumination. If the level is below the set threshold, then the device is triggered. And if it’s higher, then it’s not, since the room does not need additional lighting, it’s outside on the day.
Conclusions
Motion sensors to turn on the light, street and home are compact, economical in terms of energy consumption, they are easy to install. They are convenient, relevant for use in private homes, cottages, in the near-house areas. In addition to their direct purpose, they perform the function of a kind of signaling from intruders, they work exactly when strangers appear on your territory.
A motion sensor is a necessary attribute of a modern interior, the functional comfort of your home.