Spent grounding in a private house with his own hands will not only help to avoid danger, but also save your budget. After all, the electric current can cause irreparable damage to the health of human life. When an emergency situation even touch to a standard washing machine or microwave oven can lead to tragic consequences. If the zero phase breakage occurs, the body becomes dangerous electrical equipment, wherein the ground circuit serves as a phase through which electric current goes to ground.
Installation of grounding is a necessary step for any building, whether it is a private building, apartment or cottage. To avoid short circuit, as well as for the safe operation of any electrical grounding is necessary. How to make the ground? 220 volts and 380 volts require different approaches and perform various actions, in fact they are two different networks. At a voltage of 220 V is possible without vanishing standard holding loop arrangement, but for the second embodiment (380 V) grounding circuit is required.
In any case, if you install new wiring or trying to revive an old, grounding installation must be produced.
Setting the Loop, photo:
Ground loop - to the conductors requirements
We will understand that such a ground loop: in fact it is recessed vertical grounding, connected to each other horizontally. By this design attached grounding conductor, the primary function of which circuit connection and the electrical panel. In accordance with electrical codes (publication №7) it is recommended to use a steel angle for vertical conductors (50 × 50 × 5 mm - ideally suited) to horizontal - the metal strip (with a rectangular cross section measuring 40 × 4 mm). The ground conductor must be made of a round steel bar with a diameter of 8 or 10 mm². The exact parameters of earthing elements are described in more detail rules Electrical installation (RB) - Section 1.7
In the description of the metal elements suggests the idea of using fittings - do it, you should not! Reinforcing rods are toughened surface layer - this factor gives a uniform current flow over the cross section. Also, this material is susceptible to oxidative, corrosion processes.
Materials for the horizontal and vertical elements, photo:
How to make ground - installation loop
First, we do loop: for it next to the house (not to exceed a distance of 1 m from the base) on the ground mark up an isosceles triangle. Then, along the boundaries of the triangle received dig a trench depth of 1 m will suffice. The width of the trench should be such that it may be convenient to carry out welding work (0.5-0.8 m). Originally placed on the perimeter of the triangle horizontal grounding, then the corners are driven vertical - they should be sunk to a considerable depth - 2 or 3 meters. It's easy to do with a sledge hammer, for the convenience of the process of the angle itself better to focus on the end.
Now we set the ground loop. Requirements are as follows: the edge of vertical earthing should protrude 25 cm from the place of burial. To close the path, welds horizontal to vertical grounding. Connection parts must be made exclusively by means of the welding machine, and nothing else. Then, attach the shield to the electric circuit: take a steel wire (diameter 10 mm) welded to its contour, laid in the trench toward the shield, the end of wire welds M6 bolt (or M8) - it is necessary to secure the wire. If you do not have steel wire, then as a grounding member, the steel strip can be used (the same as that used for the production of horizontal earth electrodes).
Ground loops, photo:
According to practical experience, the steel strip is more suited to the ground than the wire, but it is quite difficult to bend in the desired location of the trench. Take the time to process the welding places special anti-corrosion agents, the main thing - would not use this instead of the usual means of paint! Metal parts have extremely tight contact with the ground, and the ink layer prevents contact creates resistance. After all the manipulations carried out pour ground trench, in this circuit arrangement process can be considered finished. All the above steps also apply if you install lightning protection - the process is the same.
Welding circuit parts Photo:
We should also mention the already prefabricated kits ground (e.g., ZANDZ, CDC-5-3 RSM, RSM-10, RSM-20) sold in electrical departments. Such grounding kit already has all the necessary details for the arrangement of the system: omednonnye pins, the guide head, tip clips, brass couplings for the connection, as well as a special anti-corrosion agent. This is a fairly easy decision, as when buying this kit you will get all the necessary elements for a qualitative ground.
Connecting the electrical panel - the final stage of the ground
This process should be performed by a qualified technician or, at least, the man who had been repeatedly deal with this kind of work. For beginners who are familiar with the installation of the grounding hearsay or "prosherststivshim" Internet of process steps - even thoroughly studied the theoretical part - you can not perform these actions. For this case should be taken very seriously, because any wrong move carries a threat to your life and health.
Near the place where the path comes out of the trench in the wall of the house, you must install a junction box. Inside this box to Install the tire with two mounts for screws. Earthing band circuit is connected to one mount to another you need to connect the copper wire, its cross-section must be more than 10 mm². It is important that the cross section of the cables is not less than the cross section of lead wire. Instead of bolting, you can use the welding machine for connecting these parts. Thereafter, copper cable should be routed to the electrical panel distribution, then connect it to the ground bus. From this bus will depart all ground wires. The main condition of this process is the requirement that the integrity of the grounding cable at all stages of the gasket - it must be whole and have no breaks. Ground fault, the measurement of the resistance is carried out at the last stage of the process.
The direction of the strip to the house, photo:
In private homes may be present raznofaznye power, 220V and 380V so the ground must be broken. Note, however, that they can be directed to one circuit. Sometimes comments can be seen on the relevant forums about what the network 220V does not necessarily equip the grounding circuit, can only produce vanishing. In fact, the way it is, but still far from the presence of the circuit will not be superfluous to provide power supply 220V.
If you are a grounding wire 380, the presence of the circuit is imperative. Elektroperedacha 380V very demanding on the quality of the grounding circuit.
How to check the grounding
Inspection is carried out after all installation work. To do this, there are special devices (eg, Extex GRT300, TH200, EP183M), ground verification process them the same. Pre should zaglubit two pins (depth should be not less than 50 cm) clear out on the bus portion. Then, according to the enclosed instructions of the corresponding color wires must be connected to the ground bus, and to the pins. Measurements are taken as indicating instrument instruction. According to the resistance value RB 220V mains should not exceed four ohms. Before recessed pins, make sure that at this point do not pass any underground utilities.
Phase in the socket can be checked with a special tester, it should be only one of the outlet openings. When checking the grounding terminal of the tester indicator light should not burn, if it burns, then you need to check the connection or detect possible damage. With the opening of the socket (of course, the electricity must be switched off) you should find the connected three wiring, if there are two, and between terminals (zero-ground) there is a jumper - a measure of what is produced vanishing, but not ground. If done correctly, all three wires are in place, the outlet is closed, turn on the electricity, use a multimeter to test the voltage phase-zero, the phase-to-ground, ground-zero. If the phase-zero there is no tension, it may indicate a broken neutral conductor, if there is no voltage at phase-to-ground, it means that there is no ground. If the ratio of zero-phase and phase-to-ground voltage is present, but the zero-to-earth it is not, then, apparently, it indicates vanishing.
If you do not have at hand the relevant instruments, but the ground is necessary to check, you can use the old-fashioned way - with lamp holder and two wires. The ends of the wires need to clean up and paste into a wall outlet, the light should be on. Next, remove one of the wires and touch it to the ground mustache, if the bulb does not light up when these actions, then in the same way make another check wiring. If triggered a residual current device (RCD), this indicator of the presence of grounding. If protection is not possible, but you are connected to the land phase, the light will also illuminate, but it will glow much brighter than when the connected phase-zero.
Protective earth with their hands made will protect you from possible electric shock, and your appliances from damage. Today we can not imagine his life without a variety of electrical devices that facilitate our everyday life. Electricity has a great help, but it also carries a mortal danger, unless you know how to handle it. Organization of competent ground - the most important step when installing the wiring of any home. How to make ground in a private house properly qualified electricians know, but if you take for this thing personally, it would be better if next to you will be an experienced person.